Immigration Analysis Essays

Immigration Analysis Essays Immigration Analysis Essay Immigration Analysis Essay For many immigration to the United States would be a new beginning during 19th to early 20th century.There were many acts and laws to limit the number immigrating to the United States.Many of these acts were due to prejudice and misunderstanding of a culture.One such act was the Chinese Exclusion Act. Form this one act many immigration laws and acts were made against foreigners.They hoped to control the number of immigrants arriving on the American shores. The Chinese Exclusion Act of May 6, 1882 was just the beginning. This act was the turning point of the U.S. immigration policies, although it only directly affected a small group of people. Prior to the Chinese Exclusion Act there was no significant number of free immigrants that had been barred from the country. Once the Chinese Exclusion Act had been in acted, further limitations on the immigration of ethnic groups became standard procedure for more than eight decades.Irish catholic, Mexican, and other races were not allowed the same freedoms that others were allowed.Even after a family had been here for generations there were not given the same freedoms. Since the arrival of thefirst Chinese Immigrants, racist hostility towards the Chinese always existed.They were predominantly male laborers, concentrated in California.They were vital to the development of western mining, transportation, and agriculture.Other races were also discriminated against, the Irish were not allowed to get jobs or live in certain areas of the cities. By 1880, the great fear of German-speaking and Irish-Catholic immigrants was over. Employers, who still sought worker-immigrants, and not just temporary workers, looked increasingly to southern and eastern Europe. When Italians, Greeks, Turks, Russians, Slavs, and Jews arrived in the United States in numbers, however, new anxieties arose about making Americans of so many different kinds of strangers.

Technology and Leadership

Technology and Leadership Introduction Instructional design is the usage of a methodical style to provide a solution to an instructional challenge. It starts with the identification of the challenges facing learners and then establishes whether an instructional method provides the most efficient solution (Wagner, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such solutions apply appropriate technology and theoretical approach to learning. This essay undertakes an evaluation of the role of instructional design principles and theory on the ability to make rational decisions regarding leadership and learning. The Influence of Instructional Design Principles and Theory Leadership is geared towards the conception of ideas for the future, formation of calculated priorities and building an atmosphere of trust between and inside organizations. Good leadership is a progressive development and require s inspirational influence and the ability to attract a loyal following. Implementation of technology in education, particularly the use of computers and related technology has witnessed rapid growth. The use of such material penetrates all aspects of human life (Wagner Ice, 2012). Instructional design principles provide model leadership and education due to their capacity to combine practical and abstract skills as the learners work in cooperation. When presented in several media and viewpoints, information on instruction is likely to last longer. The instructional designers play an important role in curriculum development as they have the necessary skill-set in educational theory and strategy. The designers of instructional materials offer institutions with an opportunity for consistency and continuity in the enhancement of courses. An instructional design program aids in the creation of relevant online courses.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we ca n help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research outlook moved from investigating the constitution of course resources to establishing the cognitive status of the student (Reinventing society in the wake of big data, 2012). Today’s education is more interested in developing what the student already knows than the makeup of the curriculum. Consequently, technology bridges individual knowledge and formal instruction. Technology ought to be adequately accommodating to adjust to the learners’ current instructional requirements. Therefore, an effective educator is capable of recognizing and correcting the misconstruction and confusion of his students. In case of challenges to learning, instruction founded on technology ought to be accommodating and should adjust to the knowledge and life of students. In a classical sense, learning demands that students devote substantial effort in their undertaking (Reinventing society in the wake of big dat a, 2012). Since the use of technology improves interaction, this form of instruction boosts learning. An instructional design system enables learners to reclaim knowledge and acquire new information using interesting and varying instruments. A student who embraces this form of learning system can conduct research and create original material. In this way, instructional design systems create academic independence and multiple approaches when solving problems. Leadership roles demand that a person should be able to employ quick, critical thinking (Paul Elder, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When faced with a dilemma that requires fast and responsible action, a leader must take the first initiative to lead the rest in seeking a solution. Thinking that entails scrutiny, assessment, creativeness and reflection is the forte of instructional design system o f learning. The capacity to provide solutions to difficult problems is an essential requirement of effective leadership. Since leaders face frequent moral dilemmas, effective leaders serve as role models in their behavior. Effective learning systems ought to enable learners to make good decisions based on critical thinking since issues of morality are all about choice of action. A good learning model, therefore, should build a sense of moral responsibility in learners. The following is a sample material I generated to reflect how instructional design works. Its color and design help attract and retain the learner’s attention. Conclusion Educational institutions and stakeholders should join forces to encourage a culture of effective learning and leadership since technology perpetually alters teaching and learning. Educational stakeholders are expected to improve the value of education and methods of teaching using instructional design systems to provide an alternative way of teaching and learning that is efficient and fun.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Reinventing society in the wake of big data. (2012). Web. Paul, R., Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Wagner, E. (2011). Essay: In search of the secret handshakes of ID. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 1(1), 33-37. Wagner, E., Ice, P. (2012). Data changes everything: Delivering on the promise of learning analytics in higher education. Educause Review, 33-42.

Design and Implementation of Networking Plan Essay

Design and Implementation of Networking Plan - Essay Example On a network of a number of routing protocols, rout distribution process is involved to help broaden various sections of network learned routes under the support of configured protocol in sequences adaptable to other segments too within the network system. In any communications over interlinked devices on the same network system, routers to have to be connected directly, static or dynamic. To explain these concepts: dynamic routers are always acquired from â€Å"visible† routers through routing protocols; and static routers keyed-in by the network administrator. In the case of any static routing (a system of manually inserting routes within the existing sequence of routers’ routing), a number of limitations are experienced. These include lack of its practicality/ success on larger network systems since it requires a lot of time to set up; all routers must be updated upon addition of new networks, by administrators; it requires a full understanding of internetwork in relation to the functionality of all router connections. Link state routing protocols have the limitations of inability to transfer data packets over larger network since it uses CPU and system memory to update routing tables; use of larger quantities of network bandwidth at times of convergence; and a lot of time consumed during convergence in case of poor coordination on the reception of rout information over the same network system. Overcoming the listed shortcomings takes into account measures such as reducing router resource utilization through prolonging update frequencies or by swapping rout summaries; and synchronizing updates with duration taken. Additionally, solution measures such as maximum hop counts, hold downs, route poisoning, and split horizons can be considered alternately to encounter  routing loops. The prime use of packet switching and IP address makes available internet infrastructure needed by routing protocols in the sequential transmission of data packets over the internet.

GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1- Essay

GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1- - Essay Example Another very important aspect of international business is that the compulsions of the present times require versatility in the work ideology and functioning, thus making it imperative that new skills and strategies are evolved to meet the emerging challenges with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. Goldberg correctly interprets higher education and says, ‘academic thinking is powerful and usable over long time frames’ (1996). The study would provide the professionals with wider perspectives of the changing paradigms of the business environment and help facilitate better options to address the emerging challenges in the dynamics of new business equations. One can therefore, conclude that the study in international business would always serve as value addition to any work environment. Charles Hill’s assertion that ‘Countries have different political, economic, and legal systems†¦ All these differences can and do have major implications for the practice of international business’ (Hill, 2004) is absolutely correct. In the rapidly changing environment of globalization, the businesses have become more competitive thereby making it obligatory for them, as well as for the working force to become more flexible and swiftly adapt to the changing technologies and work environments. Another aspect that has emerged as a result of globalization is that of increased mobility that requires the ever increasing need for flexibility of time and place especially when the business is spread across the different countries. The non market factors have direct and indirect impact on the overall performance and operation of the firm. ‘These are characterised by 4Is: issues, institutions, interests and information’ (Baron, p2, 1995). Broadly they are the socio-political environment within which the firm has to operate. The role of government regulations and political dynamics combined

Impact of Minimum Wage on Unemployement Essay Example for Free

Impact of Minimum Wage on Unemployement Essay â€Å"We cannot unambiguously conclude that a minimum wage increase will increase unemployment levels†. Discuss. The essay is outline as follows. Firstly, I would define some of the key terms. Secondly, I would outline the reasons for the statement. Lastly, I would provide the concluding remarks. Unemployment is when those members of the labour force who are willing and able to work cannot find a job. Minimum Wage In a perfectly competitive labour market, the equilibrium wage should be W1, where labour supply = labour demand. Wages are artificially altered when the price floor is imposed. An increase in the wage rate encourages the economically inactive to enter the labour market, causing an expansion in the supply of labour. The minimum wage raises the marginal cost of employing workers, thereby causing a contraction of labour demand. From an excess supply of labour, only the workers who are skilled will be employed. The least skilled, thus least productive will be priced out of the market leaving them involuntarily unemployed. The change in employment levels is the product of the elasticity of labour demand multiplied by the proportional rise in the wage. Any increase in the minimum wage will be passed on to consumer prices. If demand for the product is inelastic, the increased price will not effect consumption of the good to a great extent. So employment rates would remain relatively the same. The opposite effect would happen for elastic good. If labour costs make up a small proportion of total costs, then any increases in the wage rate would have little effect on employment, as total costs would have only increased by a small amount. Where labour and supply are both inelastic, employment costs are minimised. If they are both elastic, more jobs are lost. Although according to classical theories, the reason that minimum wage increase will increase unemployment levels is because minimum wage would increase the cost of labour, which lead to an increase in the cost of  production of the firm. Firms would have cut human resources (labour) in order for the firms to control their cost of production. As a result it would leads to a increase in unemployment rate. But in reality, it work differently. In fact the experience of the UK is that a 67% increase in the National Minimum Wages has reduced unemployment and increased employment. It would have lead to a strong Economic Growth. In period of economic growth, firms employ more workers as there is more demand to produce goods. Economic growth in the UK has averaged 2.5% since 1999 In addition, the power of Monoposony should not be ignore. Classical theory assumes that the labour markets are competitive, but in practice workers often face employers with buying power. This means firms are able to pay workers less than the market wage. Therefore, when a government artificially raises wages, firms can actually afford to pay them. It is argued minimum wage legislation is similar to anti trust regulation. Thus, it would lead to an increased productivity. A study by David Metcalf found that firms responded to increased wages by increasing the productivity of workers, especially in the service sector. This is important because it suggests that higher wages can actually help increase productivity in the economy. Firms would lower working hours in respond to the increase in the minimum wage. Rather than make workers redundant, firms have reduced the average hours worked. This is related to part 3, firms try to get higher productivity in a shorter time, so they can afford the minimum wage. Pass on Cost increases. Because the minimum wage affects all firms, it is easier for the cost increases to be passed onto consumers. e.g. because all cleaning firms have higher wage costs, they can all increase their prices. If the wage increase just affected one firm, they would become uncompetitive. Firms would also think of different problems to avoided of Minimum Wage. It  is uncertain to ascertain the extent of this problem, but some firms have circumvented the minimum wage legislation by employing immigrant labour and paying them lower wages. It also makes it more attractive to employ young workers. To conclude, although an increase in minimum wage in theory would lead to an increase in unemployment, but in practical, it would not much negative impact on the employment rate. Therefore, we cannot unambiguously conclude that a minimum wage increase will increase unemployment levels.

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex Essay -- essays research papers

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex In Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, there are several instances of dramatic irony. Not only does this irony give the plot a rounder shape, but it helps the audience understand, or follow along, the plot better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dramatic irony is sometimes used to intensify a scene or act. By doing this, the plot of the story, or play, is made more interesting. One example is Oedipus taunting Teiresias for his blindness, both physical and stellar. He says, â€Å"You sightless, witless, senseless, mad old man!†, â€Å"You child of endless night! You can not hurt me or any other man who sees the sun.† Oedipus constantly made remarks to Teiresias blindness and his sight, though unknowingly, Oedipus himself was the â€Å"child of endless night†, the â€Å"sightless, witless, ... Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex Essay -- essays research papers Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex In Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, there are several instances of dramatic irony. Not only does this irony give the plot a rounder shape, but it helps the audience understand, or follow along, the plot better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dramatic irony is sometimes used to intensify a scene or act. By doing this, the plot of the story, or play, is made more interesting. One example is Oedipus taunting Teiresias for his blindness, both physical and stellar. He says, â€Å"You sightless, witless, senseless, mad old man!†, â€Å"You child of endless night! You can not hurt me or any other man who sees the sun.† Oedipus constantly made remarks to Teiresias blindness and his sight, though unknowingly, Oedipus himself was the â€Å"child of endless night†, the â€Å"sightless, witless, ...

Development of the piano from the romantic era to the classic era Essay

Development of thepiano from theromanticera to theclassicera Introduction            This paper preludes the history of one most versatile instrument in the entertainment industry and its development. In the closing quarter of the eighteenth century, the pianoforte turned into the principal instrument of parading western art music. The piano most commonly called the piano instruments caught the hearts of many both amateurs and professionals. A piano sustains different pitches in an attractive and lyrical craze.            Having the ability to play any kind of tune in the orchestra, a piano can broadly feature the definition of a stringed keyboard with a hammer action in its instrumentation. The piano is capable of gradation of both soft and shrill this made the essential instrument of harmony pedagogy. As the dusk of the nineteenth century became, the piano was a common feature most middle-class populations of both North America and Europe. Most western composers including Mozart have played this instrument. The classical era            Cristofori developed an instrument named the gravicembalo col piano e forte, translated as the â€Å"soft and loud keyboard instrument.† This name sequentially shortened to pianoforte and subsequently to just piano. The device displayed in New York City in the metropolitan museum (Eugene). A combination of the magnificent tone underneath aptitude of the clavichord with the influence of the harpsichord led to three inventories. The inventors were functioning separately; they invented approximately the same piano actions – Christofori of Padua, Schroter of Saxony (1717) and Marius of Paris (1716).            Marius did not accomplish creating a piano. He deserted his models, since they were not pertinent to the present harpsichord. Schroter’s exploit resulted in the creation of the Vienna action and school of piano edifice. On the other hand, Christofori’s piano in 1747 was with Silbermann. It was in the workshop of Silbermann that an English school of piano making emerged (Eugene). The creation of the Piano as an intact and absolute instrument accredited to Christofori Bartolommeo of Italy. German and Italian makers swap the quills by hammers of harpsichord. They steadily overcame the numerous problems of its structure. A gifted French instrument maker Sebastian Erard introduced an ingenious advanced mechanism all previous ideas. This invention led to the piano â€Å"action† of our day (Bachus). The Broadwood as well did much to build up the supreme tone of the instrument. The manufacture of piano became one of the world’s industries.            France, Australia Germany, and England were doing their preeminent to advance the traditional instrument. The claim for superior power resulted to the preamble of the substantial metal framing necessitated by the amplified tension of steel strings. The increased solidity, strength and qualities increase sonorousness and power to the tone. American makers and inventors have contributed much to the instruments improvement (Bachus). The classical period spanning over seventy years was a period when composers started pulling in the sovereignty of the numerous baroque time musical styles. They achieved by creating stringent compositional â€Å"regulations.† Within this inflexibility, grand composers like Mozart and Haydn created several of the utmost classical music known to the world. However, they were not the solitary writers accountable for excellent classical music at the time Joseph Franz Haydn (1732-1809)            Haydn was an incredible composer, exemplified the denotation of classical era composition. Even though he was not as showy as younger, Mozart was. His compositions always remained accurate to its form. Unlike a number of other composers, Haydn had a â€Å"consistent and sound† job composing, performing, directing, managing and teaching musicians from the royals of the Esterhazy family unit (Eugene). In this period, Haydn composed countless pieces for the performance of the chivalrous orchestra. With an astounding creative work, with the inclusion of over the 60 string quartets and 100 symphonies, he is occasionally referred to as the â€Å"father of string Quartet or symphony.† Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)            Mozart was born in 1756 and he started the work of composing when he was five years old. He began touring Europe a short time he began composing. Unfortunately, Mozart passed on at the juvenile at 35 (Eugene). However, throughout his short existence, Mozart had over 600 compositions. His style of composition and that of Haydn are similar. The only difference was its consisted of long notes, and was more flamboyant. The romantic era            Political and social stress in the period of 1825-1900 following the French revolution and the nationalistic trends resulted to â€Å"romanticism.† The period was dramatic mud with thought. The contradictions between socialism and capitalism, faith and science, logic and emotion were significantly thought provoking. There were a revolt and impatience in the rules of classism and music as well as the practices of Mozart. The perfections of the romantic composers were one with an individualistic approach to emotions and feelings (Wood)            In 1822, the Erard brothers untested the most prominent of all piano measures: the double escapement action. The rationale of the apparatus was the similar to that of 1808. However, while highlighting its drop from the Cristofori – Silbermann orientation, the purpose of every of its disconnected parts worked out with tranquil superior insight and originality (Bachus). Nevertheless, the hammer failed to fall back entirely after the fast escapement, but came to rest concurrently on a sprung and a check piece; sloping lever retained the tack hammer in proximity with the strings.            The key then elevated a little; the check unconstrained the hammer and thus propelled alongside the strings again. The keys movement transmitted to the hammer through the slanted lever. The act noted at formerly for its extraordinary lightness, suppleness, and dependability. Its importance cannot be overstated since only little modifications of the elements were required for the modern piano (Isacoff).            Romantic music amplified power and emotional expression to portray human feelings. It preserved the formal structures from the classical period and created new forms that were viewed as better suited to the new subject matter. The theme in the novel music was at the moment not only entirely abstract, but also universally drained from other art sources as history and literature. Ludwig van Beethoven            He was baptized in 1770 a German pianist and composer. He remained an important figure in the transition from classical to romantic music. He is one of the most influential of all times in the western art. He was a citizen of the Roman Empire who was an inborn of Bonn, the capital of Electorate of cologne. In his early twenties, he moved to Vienna. In Vienna, he studied with Haydn Joseph and swiftly gained a reputation as an expert pianist. His status started deteriorating in the end 1790; however, he progressively continued to composing and performing even after he became deaf (Isacoff). In the onset of the romantic literature revolution Beethoven, composition the 1824 symphony number nine was notable. An elaborate set made the introduction of a            soloist and chorus. It seemed like in a solely instrumental appearance of the classical symphony that did not entirely express his feelings. After this drastic exodus from tradition, a lot of composers felt liberated to try out other styles. Schubert            Schubert’s music efficiently connects the music in the Classical to the Romantic era. It does this using inventive scoring, lovely melodies, and nature imagery; it weds traditional classical type and increase them. In his unfortunate petite life, he composed sonatas, symphonies operas, chamber, piano music, and more than 600 songs (Wood). However, despite the genre, his talent for the creation of gorgeous melodies remains unmatched in history. Schubert’s music was as well adoring, at times dark. He had emphasis on the minor and major key shifts backed with adventurous harmonics. Some Outstanding illustrations of his talent for tune are in admired A major quintet (Isacoff). They are inclusive of a set variance on the melody of one of his famous songs and from which he was nicknamed â€Å"The Trout.† Even though he left incomplete for no known rationale, Schubert’s inspiring and gorgeous Symphony in B minor no. 8 in, is one of his most adm ired works. Wilhelm Richard Wagner            Wilhelm was a German composer. He was famous for style as an essayist and theatre director. Conduct. He primarily had a unique opera the â€Å"music dramas.† His compositions, chiefly those of his afterward time, are prominent for their composite texture, orchestration and rich harmonies (Isacoff). The complex exercise of leitmotifs: musical themes connected with plot elements, places, ideas, and characters. Dissimilar from most of the other opera composers, Wagner was a writer of both libretto and music for each for his works. Wagner introduced swift shift in tonal center and chromaticism in language. The advancements greatly influenced the development of classical music in Europe. His Isolde and Tristan occasionally referred as the mark for the onset of modern music. The influence of Wagner spared beyond music into philosophy, literature, and visual arts. He constructed his opera, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus that contained a variety of new features (Wood). This was the point where the Parsifal and Ring found their premiers that many stage works are performed. Conclusion            Through the classical into the romantic era, the piano has significant changes. Composers gave melody into the romance period it had more emotion and melody. Music develops from the church forum into the streets and a worthwhile job. The magnificent tone underneath that was displayed at the New York museum formulated in the romantic era. This was through the ingenious inventions of Sebastian Erald. The works of Americans not forgotten as they fined tuned the construction of the instrument as well as an introduction the metal frame in the now modern pianoforte. References Bachus, Nancy. The Classical Piano: The Infuluence of Society, Style, and Musical Trends on the Great Piano Composers. Alfred Music Publishing, 2006. Eugene, K. Anthology of classical piano music: intermediate to early advanced works by 27 composers. Cambridge: Havard university Press, 2003. Isacoff, Stuart. A Natural History of the Piano: The Instrument, the Music, the Musicians – from Mozart to Jazz and Everything in Between. Great Russell: Souvenir Press, 2012. Wood, Gillen D’Arcy. Romanticism and Music Culture in Britain, 1770-1840: Virtue and Virtuosity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Source document

A Case Study on “Managing Like a Man at Silkqueen?”

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the case study on â€Å"Managing like a man at SilkQueen? † by Kate Hutchings of Queensland University of Technology. Here we are given a character named Sally Dawson who works for SilkQueen, which is an Australian company. She is a well skilled manager who has a huge experience for working successfully in Asia. However, working in this company as a manager, she facing some problems, which lead her to take a decision whether she leaves the company or try to make some smart changes. For this case study, we are using four questions. We answer all the four questions one by one respectively. In those, we try to figure out the problems faced by the employees and Sally, attitudes of the organization towards Sally, ways open for Sally. We also discuss about cross-cultural problems here. We also include a bibliography at the end. Company Profile SilkQueen is an Australian Company. Its’ main product is fabrics. It produces high quality fabrics and sell those throughout the world. SilkQueens’ manufacturing plants are situated in Sydney as well as in several locations throughout Asia. This company started its’ business as a family-owned company in 1910 and it started its’ international operations in 1979. The workforce of SilkQueen always female-dominated but maximum times management has been male-dominated. Sally Dawson has been working for SilkQueen for many years and most of the time she was expending her times working in Asia. It should be noted that she is quite successful in her career. Recently she has been posted to Australia and she is facing some problems with her employees. Although, the productivity is increased but the management is not quite satisfied with her work because the workers are neglected there. In this case study, we have to find out the problems faced by the employees and Sally and the probable solutions for those problems. For this purpose, we are using four questions. They are as follows: 1)From the perspective of the employees, what problems they are facing? 2)What are the problems faced by Sally and what could the organization have done to address her problems? 3)What could Sally do to improve her leadership style? )Why Sally’s leadership style is questioned in Australia and accepted in Asia? Now we are discussing the above questions with a view to analyzing the case study. Because of globalization and workforce diversity, the nature of management in an organization has considerably changed over the years. Nowadays, management is not only about exercising reasonable power using directive leadership but also about building relat ionships with employees, adapting leadership styles depending on situations, and working together with people from various cultural backgrounds. To understand the management terrain in the various areas of organizational behavior mentioned above, the objective of this paper is to analyses the case study, ‘Managing like a man at SilkQueen? ’ and provide insights on the problems encountered by Sally Dawson, the employees and the organization at SilkQueen. The paper will first focus on perception stereotyping and dominance effect to explain how the employees perceive the situation and Sally’s leadership. The problems faced by Sally will be next looked into to understand how the organization could have helped in various areas. Theories on improving leadership styles will be used to explain why Sally’s leadership approach is accepted in Asia but not in Australia. Question One: From the perspective of the employees, what problems they are facing? To recognize the problems met by the employees of SilkQueen, an analysis of their perception of the former line manager Mr. Wong will be compulsory. This is because the assessment of Sally by employees is partly based on comparison with Wong. According to the employees’ perception, Wong is an effective leader who is consultative, caring and concerned about their well-being. He is seen as valuing employees’ opinion as he always asked what the employees think before he does anything. Unlike Wong, Sally does not walk around the factory floor or show concerns for her employees. She does not ask what the employees think before she implements anything. The employees therefore perceive Sally to be a poor manager who does not care about employees’ work condition and who buries herself ‘behind a high desk with her back to the door in an office two levels above’. These perceptions however may not be true. According to organizational behavior scholars, ‘women are evaluated negatively when they adopt a stereotypically male leadership style and occupy traditionally male-dominated positions’. The employees in the case assume that Sally being a woman should be ‘nurturing and †¦ care about their workers’ suggesting preconceived notions of how women should behave. This notion of stereotyping can result in misinterpretation of information because not all people are the same, and many in the same social category may demonstrate inconsistencies with the stereotype. Question Two: What are the problems faced by Sally and what could the organization have done to address her problems? The first action by Sally in making a decision to change the work hours without consultation with the employees formed a lasting impression of her leadership, known as the primary effect the primary effect relates to a perceptual distortion which states that ‘first impressions are lasting impressions’ and once an inaccurate first impression is established, it is difficult for the perception to change even when new information contradicts the first impression. The consequence of Sally’s non-consultative management style spells the beginning of a problematic relationship with her workers. Within three months after she took over line management, Sally is faced with considerable indifference and hostility from her subordinates. In addition to his pressure, Sally also has to ‘change the focus of her work’ when she took up the role of line management in the manufacturing operations-an area which she is unfamiliar with. Because of this, she has to work long hours with very little time for social life, resulting in increased stress. Sally’s problems and stress could have been substantially reduced if the organization has played a supportive role. A good organization should first assess its manager’s strengths and weaknesses before assigning new roles. This may be done through a structured interview process or through research and information gathering with the objective to understand two areas of managerial competencies- past behavior to predict future behavior, and recent behavior to predict distant past behavior. By understanding Sally’s former experiences and roles, the organization can then decide whether to assign her to another area of to send her to a leadership development program such as the leadership grid to train her in evaluating task-oriented and people oriented leadership to work out a style best suited for her new role. Question Three: What could Sally do to improve her leadership style? Notwithstanding this fact, however, Sally should cultivate her emotional intelligence to monitor her own and others’ feeling and emotions to guide her thinking and action. According to behavioral theories by Ohio state studies and University of Michigan studies, there are primarily two categories of leadership: people oriented, and task-oriented. The behavioral studies propose a managerial grid based on a manager’s ‘concern for people’ and ‘concern for production’, which ideal grid position rates the manager as performing best when the style of leadership is high on people and task dimensions. In the case of SilkQueen, Sally could improve her leadership style by adapting a more people-oriented behavioral approach. To influence her subordinates, she could consider using contingency leadership ‘based on the idea that the most appropriate leadership style depends on the situation’. Theories of contingency leadership that Sally could use include Hersey-Blanchard situational theory, house’s path-goal theory, and Vroom-Jago leadership participation theory. The Hersey-Blanchard situational theory proposes that effective leadership is dependent on the followers. This means that regardless of what the leader does, it is the actions or acceptation of the followers that decide the effectiveness of the leader. This theory suggests that the leader should change his or her leadership style according to the maturity of the followers and the situation. Situational theory combines task and relationship behaviors and identifies four specific leadership styles: telling, selling, participating and delegating. Based on the maturity of the followers, each of the relevant four styles is used by the leader to respond to the employees by gradually declining control over activities and relationship behavior. For example, when an employee is new to the organization, the leader should use the style of telling the follower what to do, giving clear and specific directions. Depending on the maturity stage of the follower, alternative styles such as selling the leader’s ideas, participating in decision-making, or delegating responsibilities to the follower may next be used. In the case of SilkQueen, using the situational theory approach would have helped Sally understand that leadership is dependent on the followers and the way to lead followers is dependent on situations and levels of maturity. Instead of telling the employees, Sally could use the method of selling and participating in implementing the change of work hours. The path-goal theory developed by Robert House is another contingency theory model that Sally could employ in improving her leadership style. The theory suggests that an effective leader is one who can influence employee satisfaction and performance by making their need satisfaction contingent with the overall objectives of the group or organization. Four styles of effective leadership are indentified in this model: directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented. A directive leader lets subordinates know what is expected, giving directions on what to do and how, while a supportive leadership shows concern for the needs of subordinates. A participative leader consults with subordinates and involves them in decision making, while an achievement-oriented leader sets the goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level. Using the path-goal theory, Sally could effectively change the perception of her subordinates by building a people oriented behavioral approach through the use of a more supportive and participative leadership style instead of an achievement-oriented leadership. The third model of contingency theory that could be used by Sally is the Vroom-Jago leader participation theory. This theory developed by Victor Vroom and Alfred Jago takes a contingency approach to determine the optimal level of employee involvement depending on the situation. It proposes choosing the best decision making method for any problem situation through alternatives such as individual or authority decision, consultative decision, group or consensus decision. The model considers five levels of employee participation based on a decision tree ranging from autocratic at the top to team consensus at the bottom. Following the leader-participation theory model, Sally could evaluate the level of participation required by her in choosing the optimal level of employee involvement. Instead of using the top two levels of the decision tree, that proposes autocratic decision-making. Sally could use the bottom three levels of consultative and group decision in her approach. Question Four: Why Sally’s leadership style is questioned in Australia and accepted in Asia? As can be seen in the theories discussed above, one of the traits required of an effective leader is adaptability of leadership styles in varied situations. Adapting styles to situations however is not an easy task especially in organizations today where employees are made up of people from different cultures across national and regional boundaries. In the case of SilkQueen, it is apparent that Sally’s leadership is seen as questionable in Australia, but appropriate in Asia because of cross-cultural perspectives. This underlying cultural value may be translated as power distance, uncertainty, avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, achievement versus nurturing orientation, and long-term versus short-term orientation according to Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture. Using Hofstede’s framework as the guideline to cross-cultural comparison in SilkQueen’s case study, employees in Australia may be seen as high in individualism, high on social obligations and traditions, but moderately low in power distance. This rating vastly differs from countries in Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and China. In Indonesia, individual goals are seen as less important than collective goals. In Malaysia, power distance ranks high while in China the future is emphasized more than tradition or social obligations. Based on the ranking described above, it is easy to understand why Sally’s task oriented leadership style is questioned in Australia but accepted in Asia. According to Hofstede’s framework, Australia is more inclined to meeting individual goals than group goals and expects relatively equal power sharing. In Asia, power distance is generally high, which means that receiving commands from superiors are commonly accepted. Conclusion Throughout the discussion in this paper, the studies of organizational behavior have been primarily focused in four areas: perception, leadership styles, leadership assessment, and cross-cultural behaviors. The perception of leadership based on stereotype and primacy effect can present inaccuracies and incorrect information of a situation or a person. A manager who wants to be effective must cultivate emotional intelligence and be flexible to adapt different leadership styles depending on the situation. A good organization must first assess its leaders to understand past behavior to predict future behaviors and bridge the gap of its leaders through leadership grid training. To manage a global organization, the leader must understand the differences in cross-cultural values across different parts of the world. Bibliography: Robbins, P. Stephen, Judge, A. Timothy. Organizational Behavior Luthans, Fred. Organizational Behavior

Losing Battle Against Drugs essays

Losing Battle Against Drugs essays The article, Losing Battle Against Drugs, is true. I agree with the article that the regulation of drugs into America is impossible to manage. You can spend millions and billions of dollars to decrease the drug trafficking but drugs are going to find another way into the country. For most people that are into drugs such as selling them I can see why they would want too. Its obvious that it is against the law but if you can get away with it, you would have a lot of money in your pocket. A quote that holds true to that statement would be: Another reason that the drug trade continues to flourish is that it is so lucrative (Boozer, 1999).... At least one group of distributors in a case before me sold 37,500 kilos of cocaine a month, for gross sales of almost 20 million a month.(Judge Sweet) What it comes down to is money, which the article emphasizes. I agree with the article, people that sell drugs do not care who they are selling it to whether it be kids, teenagers, or adults, those individuals just care about the income their getting. An article that agrees with my opinion, besides the article from the Essays book, about money being the reason why were losing the battle against drugs was written in USA TODAY. Ironically the headline was U.S. Law Enforcement Losing the War on Drugs. The quote taken from USA TODAY is: Street prices for heroin and cocaine are at a record lows and purity for both drugs is at record highs. This reveals traffickers are flourishing and continuing to discount the risks they face from law enforcement. Shockingly, heroin and marijuana have ...

A Guide to Caring for Bess Beetles

A Guide to Caring for Bess Beetles Bess beetles  are among the easiest arthropods to keep in captivity, and make excellent pets for young insect enthusiasts. As with any pet, its good to learn as much as you can about their habits and needs before you commit to keeping them. This guide to caring for bess beetles (also known as bessbugs)  should tell you everything you need to know about keeping them as pets. In North America, whether you purchase bess beetles from a supplier or collect your own, you will almost certainly be dealing with the species Odontotaenius disjunctis. The information provided here may not apply to other species, particularly tropical bess beetles. Things You Should Know Before Keeping Bess Beetles as Pets Although they are quite large and have powerful mandibles, bess beetles (family Passalidae) dont usually bite unless theyre being mishandled. They have thick, protective exoskeletons, and dont tend to cling to your fingers with their feet (like many scarab beetles do), so even small children can handle them with supervision. Bess beetles are easygoing, although they do squeak in protest when disturbed. Thats what makes them so much fun to keep as pets – they talk! Bess beetles often burrow and hide during the day. Flip on the light switch at night, however, and youll probably find your bess beetles perched on top of their log or exploring their terrarium. If youre looking for classroom pets that will be active during school hours, bess beetles might not be the best choice. They do, however, cooperate if you wake them from their naps for a science activity. If youre looking for low maintenance insects, you cant do better than bess beetles. They eat their own poop as part of their diet, so you dont have to clean out their habitat. The only thing they need from you is a piece of rotting wood and a regular misting of water. No need to chop vegetables or keep crickets to feed them. Bess beetles rarely reproduce in captivity, so you dont have to worry about a population explosion in your terrarium. The unlikeliness of breeding also means they arent a good choice for classroom life cycle studies. Housing Your Bess Beetles To keep 6-12 adult bess beetles, youll need a terrarium or aquarium that holds at least 2 gallons. An old 10-gallon aquarium works well, fitted with a mesh screen cover. Bess beetles wont scale the sides of the container like roaches or stick insects do, but you should still keep their habitat covered securely. Put 2-3 inches of organic soil or peat moss in the bottom of the habitat to give the bess beetles a place to burrow. Sphagnum moss will hold moisture and help keep the habitat at a comfortable humidity level for your bess beetles, but its not necessary as long as you mist them regularly.    Place the habitat in an area out of direct sunlight and dont put it too close to a heat source. Bess beetles do well at room temperature, and dont need special heaters or lights. In fact, they prefer a dark environment, so you can tuck them away in a corner of the room where there isnt much light. Caring for Your Bess Beetles Food: Bess beetles are decomposers of fallen trees, and feed on rotting wood. The North American species Odontotaenius disjunctis prefers oak, maple, and hickory wood, but will also feed on most other hardwoods. Find a fallen log that is already decomposed enough to break with your hands. Healthy bess beetles will break a log down in short order, so youll need a regular supply of rotting wood to feed them. You can also purchase rotting wood from most science supply companies that sell bess beetles, but whats better than taking a walk in the woods? If youre keeping bess beetles in the classroom, ask your students to collect wood and bring it to school to replenish the habitat. Water: Mist the habitat once per day, or as needed, to keep the substrate and wood moist (but not soaking wet). If youre using chlorinated tap water, youll need to dechlorinate it before misting the beetles. Just let the water sit for 48 hours to allow the chlorine to dissipate before using it. Theres no need to purchase a dechlorinating agent. Maintenance: Bess beetles recycle their own waste (in other words, eat their own feces) to replenish the population of microorganisms in their digestive tracts regularly. These gut symbionts enable them to digest tough wood fibers. Cleaning their habitat would eliminate these important microorganisms, and possibly kill your bess beetles. So theres no need to do anything other than give your bess beetles enough wood and water to live. Other than that, leave them be, and they will do the rest. Where to Get Bess Beetles Many science supply companies sell live bess beetles via mail order, and thats probably your best bet to obtain some healthy specimens to keep as pets. You can usually get a dozen bess beetles for under $50, and in captivity, they can live up to 5 years. If you want to try collecting live bess beetles on your own, turn over rotting logs in hardwood forests. Keep in mind that bess beetles live in family units and both parents raise their young together, so there may be larvae living with the adults you find.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 81

Marketing - Essay Example Many people and especially the older generation is not for the idea and states that people ought to respect young children and ought not dress them up in manners that may spoil their young minds. A group of people that seeks to ensure that these padded bikinis remain in the market also exists. This group of people is majorly retailers who are out to accumulate high profits in the market. With these bikinis and with the increase in young mothers, these retailers are bound to get more customers and are one of the reasons why they do not want Primark to ban these commodities. This issue is the reason why Primark is facing a very large ethical dilemma. It is imperative for the company to make an appropriate decision as to whether to follow the needs of the retailers or to go with the urges pressed by the older people. Girls would walk dressed disrespectfully if the organization went with the needs of the retailers and this would hurt them

QUESTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

QUESTIONS - Essay Example Many times a company has tried it once with failure thus they do not try it again. Attempting to determine why it didn’t work and implementing a new plan or successful approach can yield positive results. Often Managers see it as taking too much time to develop; this usually means the value they received from the effort put forth did not justify the resources they put forth. Also organizations complain they do not have enough data about the people in their organizations, in these cases implement the strategy where you do have enough data. Other initiatives are also seen as more important but without adequate staffing it is difficult to meet these successfully. 2. Explain the difference between a staffing strategy and a staffing plan? A staffing plan describes the staffing actions an organization is going to take to implement a staffing strategy; the plan may address recruiting, promotions and internal movements, retention, the use of part time staff and overtime and possible outsourcing of work. 3. How would you go about defining the right staffing levels for your company? To define required staffing levels it is important to understand what is behind changes in staffing levels in your company, identify what is driving staffing needs. Is this a change in the company’s activity, a shift in the product or service mix, geographic expansion or improvements in service levels? The organization also needs to identify limiting factors and define changes in roles and positions. Use a combination of quantitative techniques such as ratios or time based ratio’s where they are applicable. Supplement these with qualitative techniques such as conducting structured interviews with managers when quantitative approaches do not work for your company. 4. Provide three uncontrollable and three controllable staffing actions that could occur when creating a staffing model? Uncontrollable staffing actions include voluntary turnover, normal